Learn About Different Types of Hernias
What is a Hernia?
An abdominal wall hernia is a weakness or opening that allows fat or intestine to bulge through. Inguinal hernias in the groin are the most common type, but hernias can develop in several areas of the abdominal wall.
Inguinal Hernias
Inguinal hernias are the most common of all hernias and are also referred to as groin hernias. They occur near the crease between the lower abdomen and the upper thigh. When an inguinal hernia develops, intestine or fat may protrude through the defect in the abdominal wall, creating a bulge on the right or left side.
Signs and symptoms of inguinal hernias can include:
Bulging
Dull or sharp pain
Discomfort while sitting or during activity
Sometimes, inguinal hernias cause no symptoms at all. Inguinal hernias are more common in men than in women.
Ventral Hernias and Umbilical Hernias
Ventral hernias occur in the front of the abdominal wall. They may develop above or below the umbilicus (belly button). A hernia at the belly button is called an umbilical hernia.
Incisional Hernias
An incisional hernia develops at or near a previous surgical incision where the abdominal wall has weakened. A wound infection or problems with healing can also contribute to the opening.
Sports Hernias
Despite the name, a sports hernia is not a true hernia. It describes groin pain or pressure associated with injury or weakness of the muscles, tendons, or connective tissue around the groin, often without a visible bulge.
Repetitive or sudden twisting of the hip or pelvis can strain or tear tissues attached to the pubic bone. These injuries can occur during football, hockey, baseball, soccer, and other sports.
Diagnosis begins with a medical history and physical examination. X-rays, CT, MRI, or ultrasound may help assess an injury when needed.
Treatment may include rest, appropriate anti-inflammatory medicines, and physical therapy. Surgery is considered in selected cases, depending on the injury and response to other treatment. Options may involve releasing an affected tendon, repairing or reinforcing supporting tissues, or reattaching tendons or ligaments. Your surgeon will explain the approach suited to your case.
Special Hernias
Less common hernias include epigastric, lumbar, Spigelian, perineal, and obturator hernias, as well as other rare types. Some can be repaired using minimally invasive techniques. Your surgeon will assess whether this approach is appropriate for you.